Assigumob to scientific steel



R. ILSCHONITZEH. METHOD OF MAKING METAL-WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

. APPLICATION FILED AUG.22, i99 1,41 9,473. Patented June 13, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Z S k mitzen R. I. SCHONITZER.

METHOD OF MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLHIATION FILED AUGJZ, 1919.

R. l. SCHONITZER.

METHOD OF MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22, 1919.

1,419,473, 7 4 PatentedJune 13,1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

22L ion/J26 R. I. SCHONITZER.

METHOD OF MAKING METAL WOOL ANDSHAVINGS.

APPLlCATlON FILED AUG.22, 1919.

1,41 9,473. Patented June 13, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

78 74 75 Eli 67%) 82 7 o 0 21.567 60721221261? F5, 77 i J XI R. l. SCHONITZER.

METHOD OF MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLICATION FILED AUGJZ, 1919.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE.

RUDOLPH I. SCHONITZER, O]? SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, AFJQIG-NOR 'lO SCIENTIFIC STEEL WOOL COMPANY, OF OWENSIBORO, KENTUCKY, A CORPGRAJIION 0.38 DELAWARE.

METHOD OF MAKING METAL Specification of Letters latent.

WOOL AND BFi-IAVINGS.

Patented June 13. 19.22.

Original application filed. April 16, 1919, Serial No. 290,499. Divided and this application filed August To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, l-luoonrii Soriomr- Znn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Springfield, in the county oi iar-l: and State of Ohio, have invented ne and useful Improvements in lillethods o'li Malling liietal ll ool and Shavings, of which the tl ollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the production of the so called metal wool or steel wool and shavings and is a division 0t my to pending application filed April 16, 19%, Serial Number 290,499.

The object of the invention is to provide certain new and useiul imprmememzs as will be hereinafter more 'l'i'lly described, shown in the accompanying drawings, and particnlarly pointed out in th appendeiil claims, it oi course being understood that changes in the form, proportion, size and minor details may be made, within the scope ol the claims, without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

Figure l is a central vertical sectional \iew of a metal wool nmchine embodying the tertnres oi the present invention, the work carrying chuck being shown in elevation;

i igure .5 is a vertical central sectionziil view of the W01; driver and work holding; chuck on an enlarged scale;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of Figure 2, the adjusting hand wheel being brol-(en away;

Figure is a sectional elevation of one oi the cutter holders and ieeders on an enlarged scale;

Figure 5 is the side elevation oi the lower hall oi? Figure 4:, looking at the right hand side thereof;

l igure G is a fragmentary elevation ol the bottom portion ol" Figure 4, loi'ilcing at the lei t hand side thereor, parts being broken away to show the adjustable mounting of the gage toot;

Figure 7 is a detail view on line i"? ol Flglll't. 5;

Fi ure S is a detailv section on the line of Figure 5;

Figure 9 is a detail sectional view on the line 9--9 of Figure 4::

Figure 10 is a fragmentar elevation, on an enlarged scale, illustrating the operation of successive cutters.

Serial No. 319,225.

One embodiment ol means for carrying out the present invention has been shown in the accompanying drawings and includes a worloholder and driver A rotating in a substantially horizontal plane, mounted upon a support B, preferably in the form of an up right standard, and a tool holder and cutter ll mounted above the work-holder and de signed to carry a cutting tool held in to operative relation with a work-piece D in the term of a cylinder. As illustrated, the tool holde supports the tool in cooperative relation with the upper edge of the cylindrical worlopiece, the tool being stationary and the work-piece being rotated. wherebv strands or shavings are cut From the upper edge oi the workpiece. it will here be explained that the cutting operation is con tinuous, in the sense that the work-piece is rotated continuously in the same direction and the cutting tool is automaticallv l ed towards the work-piece so as to alwa vs remain in i'cutting relation thereto as tl e length or height oi the work-piece diminishes under the cutting or sharing action of the cutter. it will oi' course be understood that a plurality of cutter holders and 'leeders are employed, and, arranged in a circular series. Each holder and feeder is entirely independent of each o'r' the other holders and teeders, as will be hereinafter more fully described For the support o l the apparatus, l preterably construct a masonry :l oundation l, the top of which is at the floor level 2. Nithin the foundation is a pit 3, and within the bottom of the pit embedded a base member i, pre'h-nably o'l wood. The diameter oi the base member 4; is less than the diameter of the pit so as to leave an annular space tor a purpose as will be hereinafter described.

Rising; cent 'll v from the top oi? the base l is the standard 3, the bottom of which rigidly secured within a base flange (3 suitaily secured to the top of the base i. as by lasteniings i. it will be noted that the support or standard B rises a suitable distance above the open top oi the pit. Sun rounding and overhanging the open top of the pit is a base plate 8 provided with a concentric opening 9 oi a diameter large enough to permit oi? the downward introduction therethrough oi the base flange 6. Upon the top oi. the base plate 8 is a supporting ring 10 secured thereto by suitable fastenings 11. Within the ring 10 is a rotating hanger 12 of substantially cylindrical shape, provided at its upper edge with an external depending cylindrical flange 13 constituting the upper member of a bearing, the lower member 1a of which is provided upon the ring 10. Suitable antifriction devices 15 are provided between the bearing members 13 and 14k, thereby constituting a thrust-bearing. If desired, a dust-e:-;cluding packing 16 may be provided between the bearing members 13 and 1st. Hung from the hanger 12 is a cylindrical hub 17 concentric with the standard 13 and provided at its lower end with a driving wheel 18 to which power may be applied in any suitable manner. As shown in the drawings, the driving wheel 18 is of conical :torm and power is applied thereto by another conical. wheel 19 mounted upon a shaft 20, extending transversely outward through a tunnel or opening 21 formed through the foundation 1.

the pit 3 for purposes of mounting the apparatus and for purposes of general inspection and repairs While toothed gearing may be employed a friction drive is preferred, as shown in the drawings. Top and bottom anti-friction annular bearings 22 and 23 are employed between the hub 17 and the standard B, a suitable spacing sleeve 2st being employed to maintain the bearing 22 and 23 spaced at the desired distance. The hub 17 and the driving wheel 18 are of relatively massive construction in order to operate as a counterbalance for the heavy construction which rotates about the upper portion of the post or standard B.

Disposed above the hanger 12 is a ring 25 supported. by a plurality oi upstanding arms 26 rising from the hanger 12. At suitable intervals around the ring 25 there are set screws 27 which pierce upstanding projections 28 on the ring, and are designed to engage the exterior of the work-piece D. The set screws 27 are not intended as the sole support of the weight of the work-piece D, as the latter is otherwise supported, as will. be hereinafter explained. The main purpose of the set screws 27 is to afford a driving connection between the workpiece D and the drivino' ring or member 25, whereby the work-piece is rotated concentrically about the post or standard B.

At a suitable distance above the sleeve 24 there is an externally screw-threaded sleeve 29, and between the bearing 22 and the threaded sleeve 29 is a spacing sleeve 30. The sleeve 29 is fixed against rotation upon the post or standard P) by means of suitable pins or keys 31 extending through notches in the bottom of the sleeve 29 and entering openings in the post or standard B. A nut 32 is mounted upon the threaded portion of This 1111111161 tLlSO SGIVBS IS a IHGZIDS OT LLCCGSS 130 the sleeve 29, and is provided on its upper face with an annular raceway containing anti-friction devices Asuitable hear: ing member 34;, in the form of a ring, is supported upon the anti-friction devices 33 and is capable of rotating upon the nut 32. Upwardly extending and outwardly diverging arms 35 rise from the nut 32 and carry at their upper ends a hand wheel 36, for use in turning the nut 32 so as to work the latter up and down upon the post or standard B. Arms 37 extend upwardly and Outwardly from the rotatable bearing member 34. and carry at their upper ends a ring 38. Supported upon the ring 38 is a series of segments 39, each of which is provided upon its outer convex end with an upright flange 4.0 extending above and below the segment. Each segment provided with inner and outer slots ll and 42 receiving headed studs 13 and 114i rising from the ring 38. The studs as and guide the segment 39 during the :uljustment thereof which is radial to the post or standard. B, and the ends of the slots L1 and 12 limit the movement of the segment in opposite directions. A pair oi": helical springs have their outer ends connected to a stud or post 16, rising from. an intermediate portion of the segment 39, and their rear ends connected to the respective studs 43. Said springs are normally under tension with a tendency to move the segment inwardly towards the post or standard B, so that when outward pressure is removed from the segment it will be automatically drawn imvardly so as to relieve the pr sure oi" its flange portion if) from the inner wall. of the work-piece D.

It will herebe explained that the series of segments 39 constitute a. centering device for centering the \vorlr-i'iiece 1) within the driving element 25 and also to bring the workpiece to true cylindrical term. For the purpose of forcibly moving the series of segments 39 radially outward, there is provided anut 17 mounted upon the threaded up or portion 47 of the post or standard B. T is threaded portion of the post is ot reduced diameter and extends a suitable distance into the open upper end of the screw-threaded sleeve 29. whereby an annular spare L8 is provided, and into which the lower end por tion of the nut 27 may descend when the latter is adjusted downiwirdly. ()n the top 01 the nut t? is seen red a hand wheel 49 for convenience in adjusting the nut. A wedge shaped or downwardly tapered sleeve 50 embraces and is: carried by the upper portion of the nut 4:7. the outer or tapering face of the sleeve fitting within the hub portions 51 at the inner ends of the segments 39, the :t'aces of which are inelined in accordance with the inclination of the exterior of the cone or wedge 50. The cone 50 is hung upon the upper end portion of the nut 45? in any suitable manner, for instance, as shown in the drawings. it will now be understood that the nut may rotate within the cone or wedge 50, whereby the latter will be moved upwardly and downwardly without rotation. Downward movement of the wedge 50 will force the segments 39 radially outward into engagement with. the inner periphery of the tubular work-piece l), while upward movement oi the cone or wedge 50 will result in releasing the segments so as to permit of the latter being drawn inwardly and out of engagement with the workpiece D by reason of the actual ol' the springs 45.

is thus tar described, itwill be seen that the nut 32 which carries the internal chuck madeup o l the segments 39, capable of being adjusted vertically b v manipulation of the hand wheel 36, whereby the internal chuck may be lowered until the upper hand wheel 4-9 below the top 01' the driving ring 25, whereupon the work-piece D may be placed sidewise within. the ring; 25 without interference by the int rnal chuck. Preparatory to placing the work-piece l) within the driving element 2h, pieces oi wire, chips or the like, are placed upon the top ot' the member so as to temporarily support the work-piece out ot engagement with the top or the ring 25. Bitter the-work-piece has been thus put in place, the hand wheel 36 is manipulated to move the internal chuck upwardly and into the tubular work-piece D, whereupon the hand wheel a9 is manipul a ted to move the wedge downwardly and expand the chuck until the work-piece l) snugly gripped and supported by the chuck and also brought into true c. cular form. When this is done the set screws 2? are set up tightly against the work-piece l) and the pieces of wire chips or the like removed from beneath the work-piece l). By temporarily supporting the work-piece l) above and out of contact with the driving ring 25, said work-piece D is relatively loose and in condition to conform itselt to the circular shape of the internal chuck without interterence on the part of the driving ring 25. The work-piece having thus been gripped by the chuck and connection, made between the driving member 25 and the workpiece l) by means of the set screws 27. the work-piece may be rotated by ap iilying power to the driving wheel 18. as motion is translated. thereiiom through the hub if. the hanger 12 and the arms 26.

As hereinbe'lore set lorth, a series oi: cutter holders and 'leeders C are disposed above and in coo na'ative relation with the upper edge Oil the work-piece i). As these cutter holders and feeders are duplicates in construction. mounting and manner of operation, a detailed description of one oi: them is deemed suthcient. Each cutter holder and ieeder is disposed above the work piece D, is capable of gravitating into cooperative relation therewith and hung :trom the bottom. of a suitable tank or reservoir 53, Sup ported upon standards 5st rising from the base plate 8 to which said standards are bolted. or otherwise secured. This tank or reservoir is designed to contain fluid under pressure which may be admitted to each cutter holder and ,t'eeder tor the purpose and in the manner as will. be hereinafter described.

.lflaeh cutter holder and feeder includes a cylinder surmounted by a valve casing 56 which is hung from the bottom of the tank 53 by means of a short pipe section 57. The valve stem 58 oil' the valve 56 is accessible at the exterior oi the casing 56 for convenience in opening and closing the valve thereof. Working within the cylinder 55 is a rod 59 provided upon its upper end with a suitable piston (50 working in the cylinder 55 and subject to pressure admitted into the upper end of the cylinder through the valve casing 56 and from the tank or reservoir The rod 59 projects a suitable distance below the cylinder 56 and is guided in a tubular guide member (3i hung 'lfrom the lower end oi the cylinder 55. Bin inverted substantially U-shaped yoke (3:2 is hung ilirom the lower end of the rod 59, which projects througl-i the open bottom of the guide (31. The inner sides of the upright arms oi? the yoke 62 are provided with guideways (S3 in which works a cross head 67h having depending arms which also work .in the guide 63 and project through the open bottoms thereof. Between the cross-head (34; and the bottom of the rod 52) an adjusting member (56 provided with a screw-threaded stem (57 extending into a screw-threadcd socket in the bottom oi? the rod 59. A stud 68 depends centrally from the member (36 and is provided with a circular head 69 rotatably received within a flanged notch or seat 70 in the top of the cross head 64. By rotating the member 66, which is accessible at the opposite open sides of the yoke 62, the cross-head 64 may be raised and lowered. Upstanding finger pins 71 may be provided upon the member 66 for convenience in manipulating the same. Carried by and extending between the arms 65 is a crossbar 72 that is embraced by a clamp 73 having a cutter holder T l at its lower end. The clamp '73 may be adjusted lengthwise of the cross-bar T2, and also rotatably adjusted thereon so as to bring the cutter holder into any desired position. The cutter '75 held in a seat or guideway in the lower portion of the holder Tel and is adjustable endwise there through. A suitable clamping screw 76 is employed for holding the cutter when setto any adjusted position. The cutter is a flat bar having' a chisel edge 7'7 at its forward and lower end which is in cooperative relation with the upper edge of the work-piece D,

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which latter rotates beneath the cutter and the latter cuts a chip or strand therefrom.

For convenience in mounting the cutter holder 74 upon the cross-bar 72, the arm is bifurcated in order that the bar 72 may be placed endwise through the bifurcation and into engagement with the opposite arm (55, the latter being provided with a non-circular seat or socket T 8 to receive the similarly shaped end portion 79 of the bar 72, whereby the latter is held against rotation. A clamping screw 80 is employed to draw together the sides of the bifurcated arm 65 so as to clamp the same upon the bar 72 and hold it firmly in place.

Disposed in front of the cutter 7 5 there is a gage member which preferably includes a roller 81 to travel upon the top edge of the work-piece D, and carried in a forked arm 82 depending from the lower end of a substantially L-shaped bracket 88, secured to the rod 59 at a point between the bottom 0 t the guide 61 and the yoke 62. The foot or roller 81 is adjustable transversely of the cutter by means of a hand wheel 84 on a screw-threaded stem 85 having a swiveled connection 86 with the upper portion of the arm 82, which is mounted to slide in a guidewa in the lower end of the bracket 88. It wil here be explained that the bracket 83 and foot 81 are fixed upon the rod 59'against movement longitudinally on said rod, while the cutter holder 74 is adjustable vertically for the pur pose of obtaining any desired depth of cut, in order to produce the different desired gages of steel wool. in order that any predetermined depth of cut may be obtained in accordance with the desired gage of steel wool to be produced, the body of the adjusting member 66 is circular in form and. pro vided on its peripheral edge with a scale, as best shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, and in cooperative relation with the scale is a pointer or index 87 carried by a bracket 88 secured to the cross head 64.

In the operation of the machine or apparatus, the hand wheel 36 is manipulated to feed the nut or member downwardly until the hand wheel 119 is below the top of the driv ing member 25, whereupon the tubular work piece D may be introduced sidewise between the driving member 25 and the series of shaving cutters, and into operative posi tion. The hand wheel 26 is then manipulated to feed the nut 32 upwardly and thereby bring the internal chuck upwardly and into the tubular work piece at any desired position therein. The hand wheel as is then manipulated to screw downwardly the nut 47 and thereby force outwardly the chuck members 39 into engagement with the interior walls of the work piece, whereby the latter will be brought to true circular form and also held rigidly upon the chuck. The

set screws 27 are then set up tightly against the work piece. Prior to fitting the work piece in place, the cutter holders are forced upwardly out of the way. In order that the cutter holders may be forced upwardly, a relief valve 89 is provided in the upper portion of each cylinder 55 so that by opening the valve, a communication is established between theinterior of the upperportion of the cylinder 55 and the atmosphere so as to permit of the escape of air from the cylinder when the cutter is pushed upwardly. After having thus been pushed upwardly to its upper limit, the cutter will remain in its elevated position until again brought down by hand into engagement with the upper edge of the work piece. Before bringing the shaving cutter into engagement with the work-piece, it is adjusted vertically by manipulation of the member 66 until the cutter has been brought to the proper position, with respect to the gage 81, to give the desired depth of out. After this adjustment has been made and the cutter brought down into operative relation to the work piece, fluid pressure is admitted into the upper end of the cylinder so as to place the desired pressure upon the shaving cutter 7 5, whereby the cutter is forced down into the work piece as far as will be permitted by the gage 81 when it comes into contact with the upper edge of the work piece. The gage 81 travels upon the top edge of the work piece and thereby limits and accurately gages the depth of the out of the shaving cutter 7 5 in a very simple and eflicient manner. WVhen the several cutters have been adjusted and brought into operative position with respectto the work piece D, power is applied to the driving wheel 18, whereby the work piece I) will be rotated and shavings will be out from the top edge of the rotating work in the manner as clearly shown in Figure 10 of the drawings. It will here be explained that the successive shaving cutters are set or adjusted in progressive relation, which relation is maintained by reason of the pressure upon the cutters and the fact that the gage members 81 are in engagement with the top edge of the work piece. The rotation of the work piece is continued until the work piece has been reduced to the point where the cutters are adjacent the top of the flange 41:0 of the internal chuck, whereupon the driving operation is stopped, the internal chuck is released from the work piece by manipulation of the hand wheel l9. and then the hand wheel 36 is manipulated to feed the internal chuck downwardly to a lower position within the tubular work piece, and then the handwheel 19 is manipulated in the opposite direction to set the chuck members 39 tightly against the work piece. After this adjustment of the internal chuck, operation of the machine is resumed until the work piece has been reduced as tar as it is desired to go.

It will here be cxplain d that I employ a truly circular single thickness tubular work piece as distinguished from a tuliuilar worlc. piece wound in spiral laminations. One of the important advantages of a truly cylindrical tubular work piece is that the cutting edge of the shaving cutter is maintained in the most eitective cutting relation to the work without requiring any automatic adjusting or shifting of the cutter during the operation of the machine.

It will further be explained that each cutter rod 59 is slidable in and guided by the guide member 61, and is capable of gravitating so as to bring the cutter into cutting relation with the top edge of the work-piece D. For some grades of metal wool and shavings. the weight of the cutter bar 59 and associated. parts is alone sufiicient to maintain the cutter in cutting relation with the work-piece. For other grades 01. wool and shavings and under certain conditions, additional pressure may be applied to the cutter through the cutter bar 59, as for instance by applying fluid. pressure to the upper end of the cutter bar 59 in the manner hereinbetore described.

lVhile the fluid pressure is employed to maintain a downward pressure upon the shaving cutter, said fluid pressure will. also permit yielding of the cutter to any uneven places in the upper edge of the work-piece, and it will also permit the cutters to yield and accommodate themselves to any webbling motion of the work-piece which mustof necessity occur, as it is impossible to produce and niiaintain an accurate rotation of the work-piece. hiloreover the use of fluid pressure for maii'itaining the work and cutters in cooperative relation is of course not limited to any particular shape of work piece.

hat I claim is:

l. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in interiorly supporting a metal tube of a single thickness, subjecting one cut. of the metal tube to the action of a shaving cutter, and maintaining the tube and cutter in cutting or shaving relation as the length of the tube diminishes under the ametal tube of a single thickness, subjecting one end of the metal tube to the action of a shaving cutter, n'iaintaining the tube and cutter in cutting or shaving relation as the length of the tube diminishes under the action of the cutter, and shifting the tube upon its interior support and in the direction ot. the axis 01 the tube to bring uncut portions of the tube into position to be cut.

4. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in interiorly supporting a n'ictal tube of a single thickness, rotating the tube about the longitudinal axis thereof, subjecting one end of the tube to the action of a shaving cutter, maintaining the tube and cutter in cutting or shaving relation as the length of the tube diminishes under the action of the cutter, and shifting the tube upon its interior support and in the direction of the axis of the tube to bring uncut portions of the tube into position to be cut.

5. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in taking a metal tube and bringing it to true cylindrical form, bringing a shaving cutter into cutting relation with one end oi? the tube and effecting a relative rotation of the members on the longitudinal axis ol the tube as a center.

6. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in taking a metal tube and bringing it to true cylindrical form, rotating the tube in its cylindrical torm upon an upright axis. and bringing a shaving cutter into cutting relation with the top edge of the tube.

7. The method ol making metal wool and shavings, consisting in mutually setting a series of sharing cutters and gages for progressively deeper cuts. bringing the cutters into cutting relation with a metal. workpiece and the gages in cooperative relation thereto, eli'ecting relative movement between the cutters and the wcu'k-piece to progressively cut shavings therefrom. and maintaining the \vorlopicce and cutters in an elastically yieldable cutting relation.

8. The method oi making metal wool and shavings, consisting in mutually setting a series of shaving cutters and gages for progressively deeper cuts. bringing the cutters into cutting relation with a metal work-piece and the in cooperative relation there to, effecting relative movement between the cutters and the worrpiece to progressively cut shavings therefrom and imparting an elastically yieldable feeding movement to the cutters.

9. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in mutually setting a circular series of shaving cutters and gages for progressively deeper cuts, bringing the cutters into cutting relation with a metal work-piece and the gages in co-operative re lation thereto, effecting relative rotation be tween the work-piece and the cutters to pro- (it rare e73 gressively cut shavings from the work-piece, and maintaining the work-piece and cutters in an elasticallyyicldable cutting relation.

10. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in mutually setting a circular series of shaving cutters and -tor progressively deeper cuts, bringing the cutters into cutting relation with a metal work-piece and the gages in co-oporativc relation thereto, effecting relative rotation be tween the work-piece and the cutters to progressively cut shavings from the work-piece, and imparting an elastically yieldal'ile feed.- ing movement to the cutters.

11. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in bringing a plurality of shaving cutters and a workpiece into cutting relation, effecting relative movement between the workpiece and the cutters to out shavings from the workpiece, and in dividually maintaining each cutter in an elastically yieldable cutting relation with the workpiece.

12. The method of making metal wool and shavings, consisting in bringing a plurality of shaving cutters and a workpiece into cutting relation, effecting relative movement between the workpiece and the cutters to cut shavings from the workpiece, and imparting an elastically yieldable tecding movement to the cutters.

13. The method of making metal wool and shavings consisting in mutually setting a circular series of shaving cutters and gages for progressively deeper cuts, bringing the cutters into cutting relation with a metal workpiece and the in cooperative relation thereto, effecting relative rotation be tween the workpiece and the cutters to pro gressively cut shavings from the workpiece, and individually maintaining each cutter in an elastically yieldable cutting relation with the work-piece.

1 1. The method oi making metal wool and shavings which consists in subjecting a work-piece to the simultaneous act-ion ot a plurality oi shaving cutters set to cut shavings of predetermined thickness, and auto- Inatically maintaining the cutters and workpiece in their original cooperative cutting relations throughout the cutting operation.

15. The method of making metal wool and shavings which consists in subjecting a work-piece to the simultaneous action of a plurality of shaving cutters set to cut shavings of predetermined thickness, and automatically maintaining the cutters and work piece in their original. cooperative cutting relations throughout the cutting operation by means of pressure.

16. The method of making metal wool and shavings which consists in subjecting a work-piece to the simultaneous action of a plurality of shaving cutters set to cut shavings of predetermined thickness, and automatically maintaining the cutters and workpiece in their original cooperative cutting relations throughout the cutting operation by means of elastically yieldable pressure.

17. The method of making metalwool and shavings which consists in subjecting a work piece to the simultaneous action of a plurality of shaving cutters set to cut shavings of predetermined thickness, and permitting the cutters to gravitate with respect to the work-piece to automatically maintain the cutters and workpiece in their orig inal cooperative (nit-ting relations throughout the cutting operation.

18. The method of making metal wool and shavings which consists in subjecting a work-piece to the simultaneous action of a plurality of shaving cutters set to cut shavings of predetermined thickness, permitting the cutters to gravitate with respect to the workpiece to automatically maintain the cutters and work-piece in their original cooperative cutting relations throughout the cutting operation, and also applying additional pressure to the cutters.

19. The method oi. making metal wool and shavings which consists in subjecting a work-piece to the action oi? a plurality 01" shaving cutters consecutively acting thereon, and independently and continuously :leeding each cutter towards the workpiece with a uniform "feed.

20. The method of making metal wool and shavings which. consists in subjecting a workpiece to the action of a plurality of shaving cutters consecutively acting on the same surface of the work-piece, and inde pendently and continuously feeding each cutter towards the work-piece with a uniform feed.

21. The method 01 making metal wool. and shavings which consists in subjecting an end of a tubular workpiece to the act-ion of a plurality of shaving cutters acting consecutively upon said end of the workpiece, and independently and continuously feeding each cutter towards the work piece with an elastically yieldable feed.

22. The method of making metal wool and shavings which consists in subjecting a metal tube of a single thickness to the action of a plurality of shaving cutters acting consecutively upon an end of said tube, and independently and continuously feeding each cutter towards the tube.

23. The method of making metal wool and shavings which consists in bringing a plurality of cutters into cutting relation with a. workpiece, independently maintaining each cutter in a predetermined cutting relation to the work-piece and independently feeding each cutter with an elastically yieldable feed.

nunorrn i. sonoinraen. 

